《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(9): 1373-1380

植物百草枯抗性机理研究进展

董舒超, 胡慧贞, 彭良才, 丰胜求^*

华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 作物遗传改良国家重点实验室, 生物质与生物能源研究中心, 武汉430070

通信作者：丰胜求；E-mail: fengsq@mail.hzau.edu.cn；Tel: 027-87281399

摘　要：

百草枯是全球使用最广泛的除草剂之一, 用于控制多种作物杂草。光照条件下, 百草枯施药后能立刻渗入叶片, 诱导产生大量活性氧, 使植物绿色部位发生枯萎。百草枯投入使用近50年, 极大地促进了免耕农业的发展, 但长期大面积的使用造成了杂草抗药性的问题。本文综述了近年来百草枯抗性在杂草和模式植物拟南芥和烟草上的研究进展, 并总结了两种抗百草枯机制: (1)百草枯被阻隔在叶绿体靶位点之外; (2)植物清除活性氧能力增强。

关键词：杂草; 活性氧; 百草枯抗性; 叶绿体

收稿：2015-04-27   修定：2015-08-26

资助：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.2013QC042)。

Progress in Plant Resistance to Paraquat

DONG Shu-Chao, HU Hui-Zhen, PENG Liang-Cai, FENG Sheng-Qiu^*

Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding author: FENG Sheng-Qiu; E-mail: fengsq@mail.hzau.edu.cn; Tel: 027-87281399

Abstract:

As one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, paraquat is used in weed control of many crops. Paraquat induces generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and desiccates the green parts of plants through a quick penetration from the leaf surface. In recent 50 years, the utility of paraquat has greatly benefited the development of no-tillage agriculture; meanwhile, enhanced tolerance to paraquat has been evolved in many weeds due to excessive use. Drawing information from researches on paraquat resistance in weeds and two model plants, Arabidopsis and tobacco, we propose two hypotheses illustrating the mechanisms of paraquat resistance: (1) sequestrating paraquata from target site in chloroplast; (2) increasing capability to scavenge ROS.

Key words: weeds; reactive oxygen species; paraquat resistance; chloroplast